Summary
Place of publication:
Nomencl. bot. ed. 2, 1:143. 1840; 2:324. 1841
Verified:
08/18/2006
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
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- Bensky, D., A. Gamble, & T. J. Kaptchuk. Chinese herbal medicine: Materia medica, rev. ed. 1993
- Boulos, L. & M. N. El-Hadidi. The weeds of Egypt. 1984
- Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt checklist. 1995
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- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
- CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988)
- Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. Flora of the Bahama archipelago. 1982
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- Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
- Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
- Englert, J. M. et al. USDA-NRCS Improved conservation plant materials released by NRCS and cooperators. 1999-
- Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
- Exell, A. W. et al., eds. Flora zambesiaca. 1960-
- Fedorov, A. A., ed. Flora of Russia. The European part and bordering regions (Engl. transl.). 1999-
- FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993-
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
- Foster, S. & C. Hobbs. A field guide to Western medicinal plants and herbs. 2002
- Görts-van Rijn, A. R. A., ed. Flora of the Guianas. 1986-
- George, A. S., ed. Flora of Australia. 1980-
- Gibbs-Russell, G. E. et al. Grasses of southern Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa vol. 58. 1990
- Giraldo-Cañas, D. 2011. Catálogo de la familia Poaceae en Colombia. Darwiniana 49:139-247.
- Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
- Herrera-Arrieta, Y. Las Gramíneus de Durango. 2001
- Howard, R. Flora of the lesser Antilles. 1974-1989
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Medicinal plants in China: a selection of 150 commonly used species. WHO Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series no. 2. 1989
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008
- Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004
- Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
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- Keys, J. D. Chinese herbs: their botany, chemistry, and pharmacodynamics. 1976
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- Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. Flora of Siberia (English translation). 2000-
- Liogier, H. A. & L. F. Martorell. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis, ed. 2. 2000
- Mal, T. K. & L. Narine. 2004. The biology of Canadian weeds. 129. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 84:365-396.
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- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000
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- Moerman, D. Native American ethnobotany, ed. 5. 1998
- Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:117.
- Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
- Norton, J. et al. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar. 2009
- Ostendorp, W. 1996. Estimation of mechanical resistance of lakeside Phragmites stands. Aquatic Bot. 51:87-101.
- Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
- Renvoize, S. A. Gramineas de Bolivia. 1998
- Saltonstall, K. et al. 2004. Recognition of Phragmites australis subsp. americanus (Poaceae: Arundinoideae) in North America: evidence from morphological and genetic analyses. Sida 21:683-692.
- Saltonstall, K. 2011. Remnant native Phragmites australis maintains genetic diversity despite multiple threats. Conservation Genet. 12:1027-1033.
- Sell, P. & G. Murrell. Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. 1996-
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- Tzvelev, N. N. Zlaki SSSR. 1976
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- Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
- Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. World economic plants: a standard reference (on-line edition) [medicinal plants only].
- Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994-
- Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
- Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74. 1996, 1999
- Zuloaga, F. O. et al. 2003. Catalogue of New World grasses (Poaceae): III. Subfamilies Panicoideae, Aristidoideae, Arundinoideae, and Danthonioideae. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:537.
- Plants of southern Africa: an online checklist.
- Webster's third new international dictionary. 1961
Common names
English
common reed – ditch reed – giant reed – phragmites – reed grass – Arabic
bous – ghab – qassab – French
phragmite commun – roseau commun – German
Schilf – Schilfrohr – Portuguese
caniço – Spanish
carrizo común – Transcribed Korean
galdae –
Distribution
order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
1 | Native | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Kenya | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Cape Verde | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Portugal | Madeira Islands | |
1 | Native | Africa | Macaronesia | Spain | Canary Islands | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Chad | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Eritrea | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Somalia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Sudan | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Algeria | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Egypt | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Libya | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Morocco | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Northern Africa | Tunisia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Mozambique | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Zambia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Zimbabwe | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Botswana | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Lesotho | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Namibia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Cape Province | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Free State | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | KwaZulu-Natal | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | Transvaal | |
1 | Native | Africa | Southern Africa | Swaziland | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Gambia | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Niger | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Nigeria | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Senegal | | |
1 | Native | Africa | West-Central Tropical Africa | Cameroon | | |
1 | Native | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Madagascar | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Bahrain | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Kuwait | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Yemen | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Armenia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Azerbaijan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Checheno-Ingushetia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Dagestan | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Kabardino-Balkaria | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Karachay-Cherkessia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Krasnodar | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | North Ossetia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Caucasus | Russian Federation | Stavropol | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | China | China | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Japan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Eastern Asia | Korea | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kazakhstan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Kyrgyzstan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Tajikistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Turkmenistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Middle Asia | Uzbekistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Mongolia | Mongolia | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Amur | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Kamchatka | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Khabarovsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Primorye | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Russian Far East | Russian Federation | Sakhalin | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Altay | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Buryatia | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Chita | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Gorno-Altay | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Irkutsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Kemerovo | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Krasnoyarsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Kurgan | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Novosibirsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Omsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Tomsk | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Tuva | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Tyumen | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Siberia | Russian Federation | Yakutia-Sakha | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Afghanistan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Cyprus | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iran | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Iraq | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Israel | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Jordan | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Lebanon | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Syria | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Temperate | Western Asia | Turkey | | |
1 | Native | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | | |
1 | Native | Australasia | Australia | Australia | New South Wales | |
1 | Native | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Northern Territory | |
1 | Native | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Queensland | |
1 | Native | Australasia | Australia | Australia | South Australia | |
1 | Native | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Tasmania | |
1 | Native | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Victoria | |
1 | Native | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Western Australia | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Belarus | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Estonia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Latvia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Lithuania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Moldova | | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Russian Federation | Rostov | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Russian Federation | Volgograd | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Russian Federation-European part | European part | |
1 | Native | Europe | East Europe | Ukraine | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Austria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Belgium | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Czech Republic | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Germany | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Hungary | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Netherlands | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Poland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Slovakia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Middle Europe | Switzerland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Denmark | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Finland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Ireland | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Norway | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | Sweden | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Northern Europe | United Kingdom | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Albania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bosnia and Herzegovina | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Bulgaria | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Croatia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Greece | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Italy | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Macedonia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Montenegro | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Romania | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Serbia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southeastern Europe | Slovenia | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | France | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Portugal | | |
1 | Native | Europe | Southwestern Europe | Spain | | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | New Brunswick | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Newfoundland | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Nova Scotia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Ontario | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Quebec | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Illinois | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Iowa | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Kansas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Minnesota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Missouri | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Nebraska | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | North Dakota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Oklahoma | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | South Dakota | |
1 | Native | Northern America | North-Central U.S.A. | United States | Wisconsin | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Connecticut | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Indiana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maine | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Massachusetts | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Michigan | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Hampshire | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Jersey | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New York | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Ohio | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Pennsylvania | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Rhode Island | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | Vermont | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | West Virginia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Baja Norte | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Baja Sur | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Chihuahua | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Coahuila | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Durango | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Nuevo Leon | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northern Mexico | Mexico | Tamaulipas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Colorado | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Idaho | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Oregon | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Washington | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Wyoming | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | New Mexico | |
1 | Native | Northern America | South-Central U.S.A. | United States | Texas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Alabama | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Arkansas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Delaware | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Florida | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Kentucky | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Louisiana | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Maryland | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Mississippi | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | North Carolina | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Campeche | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Chiapas | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Colima | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Guanajuato | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Jalisco | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Michoacan | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Morelos | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Nayarit | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Puebla | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Quintana Roo | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Tabasco | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southern Mexico | Mexico | Yucatan | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Arizona | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | California | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Nevada | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Southwestern U.S.A. | United States | Utah | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Subarctic America | Canada | Northwest Territory | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Alberta | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | British Columbia | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Manitoba | |
1 | Native | Northern America | Western Canada | Canada | Saskatchewan | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Bahamas | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Dominican Republic | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Guadeloupe | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Haiti | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Jamaica | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Martinique | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Puerto Rico | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | St. Lucia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Belize | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Costa Rica | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | El Salvador | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Guatemala | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Honduras | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Nicaragua | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Panama | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | French Guiana | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Guyana | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Suriname | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Venezuela | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Chile | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Uruguay | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Bolivia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Colombia | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Ecuador | | |
1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Peru | | |
4 | Naturalized | Australasia | New Zealand | New Zealand | | |
4 | Naturalized | Northern America | | United States | | |
6 | Other | | | | | |
Native
Africa
-
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya
-
MACARONESIA:
Cape Verde, Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Chad
-
NORTHERN AFRICA:
Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
-
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, South Africa [Cape Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal]
-
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Gambia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
-
WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA:
Cameroon
-
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Madagascar
Asia-Temperate
-
ARABIAN PENINSULA:
Bahrain, Kuwait, Yemen
-
CAUCASUS:
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russian Federation [Checheno-Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar, Stavropol]
-
CHINA:
China
-
EASTERN ASIA:
Korea, Japan
-
MIDDLE ASIA:
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
-
MONGOLIA:
Mongolia
-
RUSSIAN FAR EAST:
Russian Federation [Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin]
-
SIBERIA:
Russian Federation [Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Gorno-Altay, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tuva, Tyumen, Yakutia-Sakha]
-
WESTERN ASIA:
Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Pakistan
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia [New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia]
Europe
-
EAST EUROPE:
Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Russian Federation [Rostov, Volgograd], Ukraine
-
MIDDLE EUROPE:
Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
-
NORTHERN EUROPE:
Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
-
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE:
Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Croatia, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
-
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE:
Spain, France, Portugal
Northern America
-
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada [New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec]
-
NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin]
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
-
NORTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico [Baja Norte, Baja Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas]
-
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.:
United States [New Mexico, Texas]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina]
-
SOUTHERN MEXICO:
Mexico [Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Yucatan]
-
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah]
-
SUBARCTIC AMERICA:
Canada [Northwest Territory]
-
WESTERN CANADA:
Canada [Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan]
Southern America
-
CARIBBEAN:
Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Lucia, Martinique, Puerto Rico
-
MESOAMERICA:
Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
-
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina, Chile, Uruguay
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
Naturalized
Australasia
Northern America
Other
()
Economic Uses
Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
Environmental | erosion control | | Ostendorp, W. 1996. Estimation of mechanical resistance of lakeside Phragmites stands. Aquatic Bot. 51:87-101. |
Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 |
Weed | potential seed contaminant | | CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) |
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System.
2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://apg.pir.sa.gov.au/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=28091.
Accessed 19 July 2025.