Summary
Place of publication:
Prodr. 5:522. 1836
Verified:
02/23/2012
ARS Systematic Botanists.
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Reference(s)
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- Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. Flores des Mascareignes. 1976-
- Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
- Burkart, A. E., ed. Flora ilustrada de Entre Rios. 1969-
- Cabrera, A. L., dir. Flora de la provincia de Jujuy, Republica Argentina. 1977-
- Clewell, A. F. Guide to the vascular plants of the Florida panhandle. 1985
- Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. 1980-
- Dubs, B. Prodromus florae matogrossensis. Botany of Mato Grosso, series B, no. 3. 1998
- Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
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- FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993-
- Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource).
- Funk, V. et al. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 55:1-584. 2007
- Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
- Ghazanfar, S. A. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2. 1992
- Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. 1984-
- Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm.
- Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
- Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
- Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
- Hokche, O. et al. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezola. 2008
- Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
- Holm, L. et al. World weeds: natural histories and distribution. 1997 9.
- Howard, R. Flora of the lesser Antilles. 1974-1989
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008
- Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. 1953-1972
- Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
- Liogier, H. A. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. 1984-
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000
- McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000
- Missouri Botanical Garden. W³Tropicos (on-line resource).
- Parrotta, J. A. Healing plants of peninsular India. 2001
- Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992
- Radford, A. E. et al., eds. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. 1980-
- Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
- Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
- Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. Flora of India. 1993-
- Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. Flora of Guatemala. 1946-1976
- Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3). 2001
- Steyermark, J. A. et al., eds. Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. 1995-
- Thulin, M., ed. Flora of Somalia. 1993-
- Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
- Wagner, W. L. et al. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. 1990
- Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. World economic plants: a standard reference (on-line edition) [medicinal plants only].
- Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997
- Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994-
- Zuloaga, F. O. & O. Morrone, eds. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la República Argentina. I. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae y Angiospermae (Monocotyledonae), II. Dicotyledonae. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60, 74. 1996, 1999
Common names
English
bristly starbur – goat's-head – starbur – Portuguese (Brazil)
cabeça-de-boi – carrapicho-chifre-de-veado – carrapicho-de-carneiro – espinho-de-agulha – espinho-de-cigano – Spanish
corona de la reina – cuagrilla –
Distribution
| order_code | Status | Continent | Subcontinent | Country | State | Note |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Brazil | Brazil | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Dominican Republic | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Caribbean | Puerto Rico | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Costa Rica | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | El Salvador | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Guatemala | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Honduras | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Mesoamerica | Nicaragua | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | French Guiana | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Guyana | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Suriname | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Northern South America | Venezuela | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Argentina | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Paraguay | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Southern South America | Uruguay | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Bolivia | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Colombia | | |
| 1 | Native | Southern America | Western South America | Peru | | |
| 3 | Adventive | Europe | Middle Europe | Belgium | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | | South Africa | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Kenya | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Tanzania | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | East Tropical Africa | Uganda | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Macaronesia | Cape Verde | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Eritrea | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Northeast Tropical Africa | Ethiopia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | South Tropical Africa | Angola | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | Botswana | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | Namibia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | South Africa | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Southern Africa | Swaziland | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Cote D'Ivoire | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Gambia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Ghana | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Guinea | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Guinea-Bissau | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Liberia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Mali | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Niger | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Nigeria | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Senegal | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | West Tropical Africa | Sierra Leone | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Madagascar | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Mauritius | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Africa | Western Indian Ocean | Reunion | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Oman | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | Arabian Peninsula | Yemen | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Guangdong | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Temperate | China | China | Yunnan | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Bhutan | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | India | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Indian Subcontinent | Sri Lanka | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Asia-Tropical | Malesia | Papua New Guinea | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | New South Wales | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Northern Territory | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Queensland | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Australasia | Australia | Australia | Western Australia | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | | Mexico | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Eastern Canada | Canada | Ontario | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northeastern U.S.A. | United States | New Jersey | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Northwestern U.S.A. | United States | Oregon | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Alabama | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Florida | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Georgia | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | South Carolina | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Northern America | Southeastern U.S.A. | United States | Virginia | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Pacific | North-Central Pacific | United States | Hawaii | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Pacific | South-Central Pacific | French Polynesia | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | Antigua and Barbuda | Antigua | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | Dominica | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | Guadeloupe | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | Martinique | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | Montserrat | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | St. Kitts and Nevis | St. Kitts | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | Virgin Islands (British) | | |
| 4 | Naturalized | Southern America | Caribbean | Virgin Islands (U.S.) | | |
| 6 | Other | | | | | |
Native
Southern America
-
BRAZIL:
Brazil
-
CARIBBEAN:
Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico
-
MESOAMERICA:
Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador
-
NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela
-
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
-
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA:
Bolivia, Colombia, Peru
Adventive
Europe
Naturalized
Africa
-
REGION:
South Africa
-
EAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
-
MACARONESIA:
Cape Verde
-
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Eritrea, Ethiopia
-
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA:
Angola
-
SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland, South Africa
-
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA:
Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone
-
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN:
Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion
Asia-Temperate
-
ARABIAN PENINSULA:
Oman, Yemen
-
CHINA:
China [Guangdong, Yunnan]
Asia-Tropical
-
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT:
Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal
-
MALESIA:
Papua New Guinea
Australasia
-
AUSTRALIA:
Australia [New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, Northern Territory]
Northern America
-
REGION:
Mexico
-
EASTERN CANADA:
Canada [Ontario]
-
NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [New Jersey]
-
NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Oregon]
-
SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.:
United States [Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia]
Pacific
-
NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
United States [Hawaii]
-
SOUTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC:
French Polynesia
Southern America
-
CARIBBEAN:
Antigua and Barbuda [Antigua], Dominica, Guadeloupe, St. Kitts and Nevis [St. Kitts], Montserrat, Martinique, Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Other
()
Economic Uses
| Usage | Type | Note | Reference |
| Harmful organism host | crop diseases | | Holm, L. et al. World weeds: natural histories and distribution. 1997 9. |
| Medicines | folklore | | McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 |
| Weed | potential seed contaminant | | Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992 |
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System.
2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network
(GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://apg.pir.sa.gov.au/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=1077.
Accessed 14 May 2026.