Details for: APG 18920, Trifolium resupinatum L. var. resupinatum, 'KYAMBRO'

Summary Data

Taxonomy:

Trifolium resupinatum L. var. resupinatum

Cultivar:

'KYAMBRO'

Origin:

Collected – Turkey

Maintained:

Australian Pastures Genebank

Received by APG:

01 May 1982

Improvement Status:

Cultivar

Reproductive Uniformity:

Pureline

Form Received:

Seed

Backup Location:

Svalbard Global Seed Vault

Availability

Form	Quantity	Note	Inventory	Cart
Seed	200 count		BASE 18920 1997c__1_____ SD

Images (2 total. Click on image for more.)

Core Passport Data

Taxonomy:

Trifolium resupinatum L. var. resupinatum

Cultivar:

'KYAMBRO'

Origin:

Collected – Turkey

Maintained:

Australian Pastures Genebank

Received by APG:

01 May 1982

Improvement Status:

Cultivar

Reproductive Uniformity:

Pureline

Form Received:

Seed

Source History

Collected

07 January 1975.
Locality: 20 KM EAST OF OSMANIYE
Aspect: North; Landuse: Crop; Parentrock: Sandstone; Slope: Sloping; Soil Drainage: Freely; Soil_Depth: Moderate; Soil_Texture: Clay Loam

Collector(s):

Halloran, Gerald M University Of Melbourne

07 January 1975. Turkey
Coordinates: 37.0667, 36.4667 (Map it)
Elevation: 330m.

Donated

01 May 1982. Turkey

Donator(s):

Halloran, Gerald M University Of Melbourne

01 July 2014. Australia

Donator(s):

South Australian Research and Development Institute

01 August 2015. Australia

Donator(s):

Department of Economic Development Jobs, Transport and Resources Victoria

27 April 2016. Australia

Donator(s):

Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Science

Accession Names and Identifiers

'KYAMBRO'

Type: Cultivar name

EXSA 12239

Type: Local name

SA 18920

Type: Donor identifier

Group: SA

South Australian Genetic Resource Centre

CPI 117071

Type: Institute identifier

Group: CPI

Commonwealth Plant Introduction

SITE 16 NO 165

Type: Collector identifier

ALP 1.2

Type: Priority Score

Narrative

Intro. as T. clusii, LM=lower crescent white, edge brown, purple fleck, see SA19449. Origin Kyambro is a selection from a line of T. resupinatum collected by G.M. Halloran of the University of Melbourne, Victoria, in 1975. It occurred as a volunteer in a barley crop 20km east of Osmaniye in central southern Turkey (Coll. Site 16, No. 165). Seed was first received by the South Australian Department of Agriculture in 1977 and designated S.A. 12239. Kyambro was selected from S.A. 12239 at Parafield Plant Introduction Centre in 1982 on the basis of a leaf marker, better early winter and spring vigour and earlier flowering and designated S.A. 18920. It was subsequently evaluated on the rendzina soils at Lochaber, Straun and Bool Lagoon in the south east of South Australia from 1983 to 1987. Seed from plants selected in 1982 was increased in isolation at Kybybolite Research Centre in 1985. Subsequent generations segregated for leaf markers, indicating an unknown degree of outcrossing. Originator: A.D. Craig, Kybybolite. Submitted for registration by the South Australian Department of Agriculture and recommended for registration by the South Australian Herbage Plant Liaison Committee. Basic seed will be maintained by the South Australian Department of Agriculture. Registered January 1988. Morphological description Persian clover is an ascending to erect, predominantly hollow-stemmed, glabrous annual species. Glabrous leaflets are borne on glabrous or pubescent petioles. Leaflets very from 1.0 - 2.5cm long, ovate-oblong to rhomboidal in shape, tapering at the base and rounded or tapering at the apex. Leaf margins dentate, with alternately larger and smaller, upwardly oriented teeth. Peduncles are longer than subtending leaves. Stipules are ovate-oblong, membranous with longitudinally striated nerves, united below, the free portion subulate, as long as longer than the united part. Flowering heads axilliary, 1.0 - 1.5cm across. Pedicels thick, glabrous and about one quarter to one half the length of the glabrous calyx tube. Flowering calyx lobes linear lanceolate, unequal and shorter than the tube. Corolla resupinate, deep pink to purple, fragrant. Fruiting head stellately globular, calyces inflated, ovoid to elliptical with prominent reticulate venation in fruit. Pod membranous, lenticular with one brown to yellowish-green seed. Seeds dispersed by entire heads or single calyces. 2n = 14,16,32 (Zohary and Heller 1984). Kyambro is typical of var. resupinatum, producing fine stems, small leaves and an abundance of lateral shoots. This contrasts with Maral (var.majus), which produces few thick stems and large, plain leaves (Barnard 1969). Kyambro displays a range of leaf markings of various colours, positions and degrees of distinctiveness. Approximately 30% of plants are plain leafed, 20% display a light central crescent only, and 40% possess distinct red or white wings (or both), and 10% have other markings. Kyambro has a more prostrate growth habit than Maral. Kyambro produces very small seeds (2.0 million/kg), compared with 820 000 seeds/kg in Maral (Craig 1985). Agronomic characters Although very small seeded, Kyambro establishes readily in the year of sowing. It nodulates effectively with either Group or group C inoculum, although Group C is more effective (P.J. Cunningham, pers. Comm.) Kyambro produces herbage yields up to 90% higher than Maral Persian clover in the establishment year, with levels up to 9t/ha being recorded on ungrazed plots at Straun. Most growth is made in spring. Kyambro commensed flowering about 24 days earlier than Maral at Naracoorte (139 days compared with 163 days). As far as is known, Kyambro is essentially self pollinated. A limited degree of outcrossing occurs within Persian clover, although the presence of honey bees may substantially increase seed yield (Weaver and Weihing 1960). The seed of Kyambro will be commercially produced under a pedigree certification system. In the establishment year, Kyambro produced seed yields 2-3 times greater than Maral. Seed yield in excess of 1300 kg/ha have been obtained at Bool Lagoon and Straun, up to 800kg/ha on the shallower rendzina soils at Lochaber. Kyambro has over 95% hardseeds at maturity, reducing to the low 80's by April. This characteristic enables it to persist, despite heavy over-summer grazing and intermittent out of season rainfall. Kyambro regenerates well in second and third year stands, while Maral fails to regenerate because of lack of hardseededness and relatively low seed yields. Seed of Kyambro may be direct headed using conventional harvesting equipment. Kyambro displays good recovery from grazing or cutting, particularly when frequently defoliated. In regularly mown strips at Kybybolite Research Centre, it became prostrate, recovered well from cutting and set abundant seed, suggesting that it will be well suited to continuous grazing. Kyambro has shown good resistance to clover scorch disease, Kabatiella caulivora (Kirch.) Karak (D.J. Gillspie, pers. com.), clover leaf spot , Phoma medicaginis (Malbr. and Roum.) and stem and leaf rust, Uromyces trifolii-repentis (Liro). It contains no detectable levels of formononetin, biochanin A, genistein and coumestrol (P.G.H. Nichols, pers. com.). Glasshouse tests reveal that Kyambro possesses moderate resistance to spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) f. maculata), low resistance to blue green aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji) and low resistance to cow pea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch). On the other hand, Maral is resistant to spotted alfalfa aphid, has low resistance to blue-green aphid and is susceptible to cowpea aphid. Both Kyambro and Maral are susceptioble to attack by red legged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor Tuck.). (D.J. Gillespie, pers. com.). Dry herbage residues of Kyambo sampled in mid-February 1987 had a digestible dry matter content of 50%, compared with Trikkala sub clover (49%), Paradana balansa clover (48%) and Maral Persian clover (58%). The crude protein content of Kyambro was 9%, compared with Trikkala (13%), Paradana (11%) and Maral (16%). However, these differences were offset by the greater herbage production of Kyambro. Kyambro produced a total annual digestible dry matter yield of 3750 kg/ha, while Trikkala produced 30kg/ha, Paradana 1940 kg/ha and Maral 2270 kg/ha. Trikkala was poorly adapted to the alkaline soil. Kyambro, like other cultivars of Persian clover, performs best on heavy alkaline soils. It has grown well under levels of waterlogging experienced in the south east of South Australia. While Kyambro has not been evaluated in saline environments, Persian clover is reported to produce well on soils too saline for strawberry clover (Barnard 1969). Kyambro is a productive, persistent and rust resistant cultivar, well adapted to the rendzina soils of south-eastern South Australia. It requires a mean minimum annual rainfall of 550mm. Acknowledgments Grateful acknowledgment is made of the following for their contributions: E.J. Crawford for provision of seed and technical advice, T.D. Rowe and farm staff of Kybybolite Research Centre for assistance in field work, and a number of cooperating farmers for the use of their land and livestock. Financial assistance for this work was provided by the Wool Research and Development Fund. References 1. Barnard, C. (1969). Herbage Plant Species. p. 133 (Division of Plant Industry, CSIRO, Canberra). 2. Craig, A.D. (1985). Adaption and genetic variability within experimental lines of Persian clover. In: Alternative Pasture Legumes for Southern Australia. (Eds. R.W. Ellis, A.D. Craig, and R.S. Martyn) p. 136. South Australian Dep. Agric. Technical Report No. 85. 3. Weaver, N., and Weihing, R.M. (1960). Pollination of several clovers by honey bees. Agronomy Journal 52, 193-5. 4. Zohary, M., and Heller, D. (1984). The Genus Trifolium. p. 298. (Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.).

Group Note

Trifolium resupinatum L. var. resupinatum

Genus:

Trifolium

Subgenus:

Trifolium

Section:

Vesicastrum

Family:

Fabaceae (alt. Leguminosae)

Subfamily:

Faboideae

Tribe:

Trifolieae

Nomen number:

40349

Verified:

03/26/2007 by ARS Systematic Botanists.

Common names

Other conspecific taxa

Trifolium resupinatum L. (877 active accession[s])
Trifolium resupinatum L. var. majus Boiss. (9 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Homotypic Synonym(s)

Amoria resupinata (L.) Roskov

Annotations

Observations

Phenotype Data

Category	Descriptor	Description	Value	Study
GROWTH	FY1_Early_July_Winter	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1997
GROWTH	FY1_Early_July_Winter	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1998
GROWTH	FY1_Early_July_Winter	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1999
GROWTH	FY2_ Late July_Winter	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1997
GROWTH	FY2_ Late July_Winter	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1998
GROWTH	FY2_ Late July_Winter	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1999
GROWTH	FY3_Mid-August_Winter	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1997
GROWTH	FY3_Mid-August_Winter	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1998
GROWTH	FY3_Mid-August_Winter	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1999
GROWTH	FY4_Early_September_Spring	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1997
GROWTH	FY4_Early_September_Spring	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1998
GROWTH	FY4_Early_September_Spring	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1999
GROWTH	FY5_Late_September_Spring	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1997
GROWTH	FY5_Late_September_Spring	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1998
GROWTH	FY5_Late_September_Spring	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1999
GROWTH	FY6_Mid-October_Spring	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1997
GROWTH	FY6_Mid-October_Spring	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1998
GROWTH	FY6_Mid-October_Spring	Forage Yield (FY) visual rating relative to the standard control score of 10 (see method for control accession)		APG SA Temperate Annual Legumes Historical.1999
GROWTH	1000 Seed Weight	Weight of a 1000 seeds in the clean seed sample	0.527	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
GROWTH	1000 Seed Weight	Weight of a 1000 seeds in the clean seed sample	0.533	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
GROWTH	Growth Habit	Visual assessment of habit (form) taken at flowering, (Jemalong Semi-erect)	SE - Semi-Erect	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
GROWTH	Growth Habit	Visual assessment of habit (form) taken at flowering, (Jemalong Semi-erect)	SE - Semi-Erect	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
GROWTH	Growth Habit	Visual assessment of habit (form) taken at flowering, (Jemalong Semi-erect)	SE - Semi-Erect	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
GROWTH	Harvest Seed Weight	Total weight of the seeds harvested in grams	125	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
GROWTH	Harvest Seed Weight	Total weight of the seeds harvested in grams	156	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
GROWTH	Harvest Seed Weight	Total weight of the seeds harvested in grams	230	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
GROWTH	Internode length	Internode length assessed between the 4th and 5th internode from base	3 - Long (>40 mm)	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
GROWTH	Internode length	Internode length assessed between the 4th and 5th internode from base	3 - Long (>40 mm)	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
GROWTH	Internode length	Internode length assessed between the 4th and 5th internode from base	3 - Long (>40 mm)	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
GROWTH	Plant Height at Flowering	Canopy height of plants at 90% flowering measured with a ruler, in cm	18	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
GROWTH	Plant Height at Flowering	Canopy height of plants at 90% flowering measured with a ruler, in cm	8	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
GROWTH	Primary Branching	Subjective Assessment of the amount of branching	2 - high	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
GROWTH	Primary Branching	Subjective Assessment of the amount of branching	2 - high	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
GROWTH	Primary Branching	Subjective Assessment of the amount of branching	2 - high	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
MORPHOLOGY	Dehiscence	Pod dehiscence at maturity	2 - Very low, < 10% pods dropped at maturity	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
MORPHOLOGY	Dehiscence	Pod dehiscence at maturity	2 - Very low, < 10% pods dropped at maturity	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
MORPHOLOGY	Dehiscence	Pod dehiscence at maturity	5 - Medium, 50% pods dropped at maturity	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
MORPHOLOGY	Floret Colour	Floret colour using Royal Horticuluture Society (RHS) colour charts	purple	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
MORPHOLOGY	Floret Colour	Floret colour using Royal Horticuluture Society (RHS) colour charts	purple	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
MORPHOLOGY	Floret Colour	Floret colour using Royal Horticuluture Society (RHS) colour charts	purple	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
MORPHOLOGY	Leaf Hairs	Leaf surface hairiness (at 5th-8th leaf stage)	1 - Upper Glaborous Lower Glaborous	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
MORPHOLOGY	Leaf Hairs	Leaf surface hairiness (at 5th-8th leaf stage)	1 - Upper Glaborous Lower Glaborous	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
MORPHOLOGY	Leaf Hairs	Leaf surface hairiness (at 5th-8th leaf stage)	1 - Upper Glaborous Lower Glaborous	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
MORPHOLOGY	Leaflet Mark Colour	Leaflet market colour at pre-flowering stage	16 - Blotch & Purple Fleck	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
MORPHOLOGY	Leaflet Mark Colour	Leaflet market colour at pre-flowering stage	16 - Blotch & Purple Fleck	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
MORPHOLOGY	Leaflet Mark Position	Leaflet marker position at pre-flowering stage	6 - Random	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
MORPHOLOGY	Leaflet Mark Position	Leaflet marker position at pre-flowering stage	6 - Random	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
MORPHOLOGY	Leaflet Mark Shape	Leaflet marker shape at pre-flowering stage	28 - Mixed Population	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
MORPHOLOGY	Leaflet Mark Shape	Leaflet marker shape at pre-flowering stage	28 - Mixed Population	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
MORPHOLOGY	Peduncle : Petiole	Subjective assessment of the ratio of peduncle to petiole length	7 - Longer at flowering and fruiting	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
MORPHOLOGY	Peduncle : Petiole	Subjective assessment of the ratio of peduncle to petiole length	7 - Longer at flowering and fruiting	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
MORPHOLOGY	Peduncle : Petiole	Subjective assessment of the ratio of peduncle to petiole length	7 - Longer at flowering and fruiting	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
MORPHOLOGY	Shattering	Recovery rate. The stem length from a representative plant measuredwith a ruler in cm, two weeks after the spring cutting	1 - None	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
MORPHOLOGY	Shattering	Recovery rate. The stem length from a representative plant measuredwith a ruler in cm, two weeks after the spring cutting	1 - None	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
MORPHOLOGY	Shattering	Recovery rate. The stem length from a representative plant measuredwith a ruler in cm, two weeks after the spring cutting	2 - Very low, < 10% pods shattered at maturity	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
MORPHOLOGY	Threshability	The ease of which seed is able to be threshed from pod by machine	1 - Pod sample easily threshed, only one pass through machinery required	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
MORPHOLOGY	Threshability	The ease of which seed is able to be threshed from pod by machine	1 - Pod sample easily threshed, only one pass through machinery required	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
PHENOLOGY	10% First Flower Date	Number of days from wetting up to 10% plants with a flower	150	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
PHENOLOGY	10% First Flower Date	Number of days from wetting up to 10% plants with a flower	153	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
PHENOLOGY	10% First Flower Date	Number of days from wetting up to 10% plants with a flower	154	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
PHENOLOGY	10% Pod Maturity Date	Number of days from wetting up to 10% plants with a mature pod	176	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
PHENOLOGY	10% Pod Maturity Date	Number of days from wetting up to 10% plants with a mature pod	178	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999
PHENOLOGY	10% Pod Maturity Date	Number of days from wetting up to 10% plants with a mature pod	188	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
PHENOLOGY	Plant Maturity	plant maturity - annuals only. Number of days from wet down to the time when 90% of the plants have senescened	197	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1997
PHENOLOGY	Plant Maturity	plant maturity - annuals only. Number of days from wet down to the time when 90% of the plants have senescened	199	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1998
PHENOLOGY	Plant Maturity	plant maturity - annuals only. Number of days from wet down to the time when 90% of the plants have senescened	203	APG SA Regen Medics Historical.1999